Al Capone :: essays research papers

A lot of Italian immigrants, like some immigrants of all nationalities, came to the in the raw World with very few items. legion(predicate) of the immigrants were peasants escaping the lack of opportunity in rural Italy. Gabriele Capone, Alphonses father, was one of 43,000 Italians who arrived in the U.S. in 1894. He was a barber by trade and could read and keep in his native language. He was from the village of Castellmarre di Stabia, sixteen miles south of Naples. Gabriele, who was thirty years old, brought his significant twenty-seven-year-old wife Teresina , his two-year-old son Vincenzo and his infant son Raffaele. Unlike umpteen Italian immigrants, he did not owe anyone for his passage over. His plan was to do whatever pee-pee was necessary until he could open his own barber shop. Gabrieles world power to read and write allowed him to get a job in a grocery chisel in until he was able to open his barber shop. Teresina, in spitefulness of her duties as a mother, took on sewing piecework to add to the family coffers. Her third child, Salvatore was born in 1895. Her 4th son and the first to be born and conceived in the New World was born January 17, 1899. His name was Alphonse Capone. A block from Als home was the parish church, St Michaels, where the Reverend Garofalo baptized him some(prenominal) months after his birth. At the age of five in 1904, he went to Public School 7 on Adams Street. Educational prospects for Italian children were very poor. The school organisation was deeply prejudiced against them and did little to encourage any participation in higher education, while the immigrant parents expected their children to leave school as soon as they were old enough to work. Al did quite well in school until the sixth grade when his steady record of Bs declined rapidly.Al Capone essays research papers A lot of Italian immigrants, like many immigrants of all nationalities, came to the New World with very few items. Many of the immigran ts were peasants escaping the lack of opportunity in rural Italy. Gabriele Capone, Alphonses father, was one of 43,000 Italians who arrived in the U.S. in 1894. He was a barber by trade and could read and write in his native language. He was from the village of Castellmarre di Stabia, sixteen miles south of Naples. Gabriele, who was thirty years old, brought his pregnant twenty-seven-year-old wife Teresina , his two-year-old son Vincenzo and his infant son Raffaele. Unlike many Italian immigrants, he did not owe anyone for his passage over. His plan was to do whatever work was necessary until he could open his own barber shop. Gabrieles ability to read and write allowed him to get a job in a grocery store until he was able to open his barber shop. Teresina, in spite of her duties as a mother, took on sewing piecework to add to the family coffers. Her third child, Salvatore was born in 1895. Her fourth son and the first to be born and conceived in the New World was born January 17, 1 899. His name was Alphonse Capone. A block from Als home was the parish church, St Michaels, where the Reverend Garofalo baptized him several months after his birth. At the age of five in 1904, he went to Public School 7 on Adams Street. Educational prospects for Italian children were very poor. The school system was deeply prejudiced against them and did little to encourage any interest in higher education, while the immigrant parents expected their children to leave school as soon as they were old enough to work. Al did quite well in school until the sixth grade when his steady record of Bs declined rapidly.

The Battle Of Midway Essay -- American History

The Battle of center(prenominal)On June 3rd, 1942, the join States declared war on Imperialistic Japan and Nazi Germany. Due to the bombing of the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor by the Nipponese the U.S. was forced to take action. The United States began their first naval battle near the Midway islands in defense of its pacific fleet and positioning. Midway was the Japanese last goal for its western expansion in the Pacific.Just after midnight on June 4th,1942, the United States attacked a fleet of Japanese transport ships. One American torpedo plane took out fleet tanker Akabono Maru. Later that morning at about 630am, Japanese planes began bombing midway island installations, though causing minimal damage to the U.S. naval base. Between 930am and 1030am the U.S. took out Japanese aircraft carriers Kaga, Akagi, and Soryu. During the battle the Japanese recovered three U.S. naval aviators. But after interrogating these men, the Japanese murdered them.On June 5th, 1942, a battleship, under the command of Rear Admiral Spruance, pursued the Japanese fleet westward leaving salvage workers to repair the U.S. aircraft carrier Yorktown(which was damaged a day earlier by a Japanese torpedo torpedo).The last of the air attacks of the battle took place on June 6th, 1942, with the United States beginning to emerge victorious with the sinking of 2 destroyers, 1 heavy cruiser, and 1 cruiser. stave a Japanese submarine torpedoed aircraft carrier Yorktown and the destroyer USS Hammann, though it took a day for the carrier to turn over and sink. The Japanese submarine escape with-out destruction soon after the torpedoing. (nautical Historical Center, Battle of Midway4-7 June 1942, Department of the Navy... ...he U.S. complete control over the Pacific Ocean. This defeat also gave the Allies an out-and-out(a) victory over Japan and the remaining Axis powers. The infamous Battle of Midway officially ended on June 7th 1942. Works CitedBaikie, Eric. Ngo, Ke vin. Collins, McKenzie. Major Battles of WWII. Viking Press. January 2002.Bruce, George sea Battles of the 20th Century, Stopping the Tide the Battle of Midway 4th - 7th 1942, Department of the Navy, May 1990Cressman, Robert, J. No End Save Victory, ocean Historical Center, June 1998Dingman, Roger, The origins of naval arms limitation,Power In The Pacific, Naval Institute Press, 1998.Naval Historical Center, Battle of Midway 4th -7th June 1942, Department of the Navy. June, 30, 2003.Naval Historical Center, Preparation For Battle Department of the Navy, April 1999

Lord of the Flies :: essays papers

Lord of the Flies Golding uses many symbols in the novel, Lord of the Flies, to represent good and ugliness in society. He uses Simon to represent the quietudefulness of life and the kindness of a good heart, while Piggy represents the refining on the island and the adult viewpoint of the children. The conch symbolizes straddle and also adult behavior. It is a symbol of strength and knowledge as well, as the evil of the beast represents the fear in the boys. All of these symbols change as the story goes on, some changes are less obvious and are the result of the readers new perspective while others undergo dramatic, and quite obvious, change. Simon is a symbol of peace who sees save good in the world. The name Simon itself means, listener, and depicts Simons character well as he always listens instead of giving an alternative judgement. Although at times his opinion differs from the others, he never complains. Simons great sacrifice for the boys, dying for their sin, is a trait of a martyr. Simons death results in a change of his affect on the boys and on the reader. Because he is killed by the other boys, he begins to represent the evil that has dominated over the good on the island. Piggy is another symbol for goodness, however his goodness is not the same as Simons. Piggy represents the goodness that comes from adults and order. Piggys inability to see well makes him a perfect symbol for that of blind justice. Piggy not only thinks like an adult, but also is constantly worried about how adults would view the society on the island, showing he is concerned with the order and justice of things and pauperism to be civilized. Piggy is picked on a lot by the other boys because of his weight and sight hindrance, but nonetheless he does not give up his share of the authority. Piggy is constantly saying, Ive got the conch, ( a sign of authority and a sign that all should listen to the person with the conch. Piggys death symbolizes the destr uction of society and civilization on the island, and the rise of savage behavior. It also shows the demise of order and the rise of the devil.

Discussing the Greatness of Jay Gatsby Essay -- The Great Gatsby F. Sc

The first thing you see when you pick up the novel is the title. Fitzgerald chose the title The Great Gatsby for his novel. This could lead us to retrieve that he personally believed his character to be great. However, this was not his only title for the book. The original title of the novel was Trimalchio in West Egg. Perhaps Fitzgerald changed the title as his story developed as he came to realise Gatsbys greatness. However, this could be used to argue the other way, perhaps this original title relates more to the troupe throwing Gatsby and the hedonistic Jazz Age, suggesting that Gatsby isnt great.Gatsby, as a rich man, has many beautiful possessions. This can be noticed in his gorgeous car which had a labyrinth of wind-shields that mirrored a dozen suns. Nick discovers that at one of Gatsbys parties a woman named Lucille tore her dress, and within a week she got a package from Croiriers with a new evening gown in it. This portrays Gatsbys greatness through his generosity, and t he impression is given that it is wonderful to be compound in Gatsbys world. As The Great Gatsby is narrated by Nick, we see everything through Nicks eyes. Nick tells us towards the beginning that there was something gorgeous close to Gatsby which set him apart from everyone else. We as the reader feel attracted to Gatsby like Nick is. When Nick receives the invitation to Gatsbys party, Nick says that the invitation was signed in a majestic good deal, this makes Gatsby sound elegant. The beginning of chapter three, immediately gives the reader the impression of a fantastical atmosphere. Gatsbys gardens are described as blue, a somewhat sorcerous colour for gardens to be. Nick tells us that men and girls came like moths among the w... ...proves to cost him his life. Having a dream to that extent is not exactly great. There is evidence for both sides of this argument. in person I believe that Fitzgerald did not wish to prove that Gatsby was corrupt, instead he wanted to relate Ga tsbys dream to the American Dream, showing that it has been corrupt by people such as Tom and Daisy who pursue money for moneys sake. The original dream has been betrayed. It is no longer the fresh green doorknocker of the new world, instead it has become corrupt, and no longer true. Only Gatsby holds a true dream, which is what, in my opinion, makes him so great. He cannot be blamed for the disaster of his dream, because his dream was true, and gave him a purpose. It failed because of the corruption of Daisy, and her utterly careless nature. I believe that, as the title of the novel suggests, that Gatsby is truly great.

Marajuana: Effects And After Affects Essay -- essays research papers

One of the most common illegal drug in the United States is marijuana. There are mixed views rough this drug, some people want it legalized, other people dont. In this essay, I hope to display the facts more or less this illegal narcotic, and explain many vie      cannabis has many different names such as "kif" in Morocco, "doggo" in South Africa and "gangi" in India. There are many slang legal injury for this type of drug such as "grass," "pot," "weed," "reefer," "mj," "boo," "broccoli," "ace, "joint," "Colombian"      Tetrahydrocnnabinal(THC) was not found until the mid 1960s. Marijuana can be used medically or for an intoxicant. Doctors set up it to relieve pain for people in chemotherapy, or with other diseases.          During the 1960s and 1970s mainly teenagers used marijuana. In the 1970s 11% s aid they used it daily, but recently, only about 5% use it daily. In 1975, 27% of people said they used it that previous month, and in 1978, that figure grew to 39%, but dr      Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laugh are in the early stages of intoxication and sleepy or stuporous is in the later stages. Forgetfulness in conversation, inflammation in the whites of the eyes and the pupils unlikely to be dilated are in the la&nb...

Marajuana: Effects And After Affects Essay -- essays research papers

One of the most common illegal drug in the United States is marijuana. There are sundry(a) grapplews about this drug, some people want it legalized, other people dont. In this essay, I hope to display the facts about this illegal narcotic, and explain many vie     Marijuana has many different names such as "kif" in Morocco, "doggo" in South Africa and "gangi" in India. There are many get into terms for this type of drug such as "grass," "pot," "weed," "reefer," "mj," "boo," "broccoli," "ace, "joint," "Colombian"      Tetrahydrocnnabinal(THC) was not found until the mid 1960s. Marijuana can be used medically or for an intoxicant. Doctors prescribe it to relieve pain for people in chemotherapy, or with other diseases.          During the 1960s and 1970s mainly teenagers used marijuana. In the 1970s 11% sa id they used it daily, but recently, just now about 5% use it daily. In 1975, 27% of people said they used it that previous month, and in 1978, that figure grew to 39%, but dr      Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter are in the early stages of intoxication and sleepy or stuporous is in the later stages. Forgetfulness in conversation, inflammation in the whites of the eyes and the pupils marvelous to be dilated are in the la&nb...

Federalism and Separation of Power

Democracy as a system of political administration has been termed over old age as a product of several institutions working together to ensure the sustainability of an exclusive political system. Democratic institutions in a allege ar saddle with the responsibility of sustaining a nations democratic process much(prenominal) institutions uniform legislature, judiciary and the executive are the major(ip) institutions that guarantee efficiency in a democratic system. ( Ologbenla 1996) Basically, the legislative arm is the major institution that guarantees much(prenominal) because it represents the generality of the peoples interest.The doctrines of separation of indicator and checks and balances are 2 major tenets of democracy. Both doctrines provide prefatorial principles that should be upheld in any democratic state. The adherence to these democratic tenets depends largely on the level of political adherence that follows the basic rules and regulations that guides the conduc t of both the ruler and the ru conduct in an exclusive political community. Such rules and regulation are codified in a document cognise as organic fair play. A constitution is a legal framework that spells out the composition, break away, and jurisdiction of government officials. Almond et al. 1966) It is a body of fundamental rules guiding the personal business of state. It states the kind between the governors and the governed. Separation of powers is a doctrine propounded by Baron de Montesquieu which stipulates that in order to avoid arbitrary use of power, power should be alter and shared among the organs of government such that no organ becomes too powerful. (Neumann 1949) The principle of checks and balances states that an organ of government should act as a watchdog on the different organs of government so as to curb their excesses.In a democratic system all governmental powers are derived from the constitution, it also spells out the characters and relationship o f major governmental institutions such as the executive, judiciary and the legislature such that no organ of government can interfere in the affairs of the other. The constitution makes each arm of government to be an independent and coordinate unit, independent in terms of its sphere of influence and coordinate in its inter-governmental relationship with other arms of government.With cognisance to the American democratic structure, the constitution provides for separation of powers by stipulating the functions of the various arms of government and also the jurisdiction of the different tiers of government, whereby the executive cannot intermeddle in the affairs of the legislature and vice-versa. The primary function of the legislature is the making of police forces ( Easton 1961) it would be a total negation of the principle of separation of power if such function is being exercised by the executive.Although, the executive can propose a short letter after much deliberation by th e legislature can be passed into law but the power to make laws lie in within the jurisdiction of the legislature. But in recent times the principle had been challenged due to the overwhelming power and personality of the executive. For example, President George Bush after the Sept 11 attack on the world trade centre proposed a pen nib to the congress to take Iraq. Before the house could pass the bill he had sent troops to wage war in Iraq.This was contrary to the thorough provisions which states that before united State would engage in a war it must be ratified by the congress in a joint session. Checks and balances on the other is to function as a balance between the various organs of government in such a way that an arm of government serve as the watchdog over the other arms of government. (Neumann 1949) This function is majorly that of the judiciary this is the done through judicial reviews which help scrutinize both activities of the executive and the legislature.For this function to be performed to the optimum level there is the need for an independent judiciary that is free from executive manipulation. A bill is a proposed law that is not to that extent law until it is passed by the law making body in the country and received the executive or presidential assent. (Easton 1961) There are several stages that are involved in the passing of a bill before it becomes law. The first stage of the bill is the first introduction of the bill to the house. The introduction of bill could each be a private member bill or it originates from the lower house depending on the type of legislative chamber in operation.In a two chamber legislative house, bills originate from the lower house and are deliberated on in a joint session. This stage marks the first reading of the bill to the house. The second reading marks a stage where the bill is fully deliberated upon by lawmakers and it represents a crucial stage in the passing of such bill into law, because this stage determines whether such bill would become law. After the bill had successfully passed through the second reading then a commission would be constitute to critically examine and analyse the bill, give recommendations and possible impact of the bill if passed into law.This stage represents the committee stage. After constituting the committee, the next stage is the report stage where the committee presents their report to the house on the bill. After the committee stage the bill is presented to the lawmakers for adoption. It should be noted that at this stage the bill can still be rejected if the lawmakers refuse to adopt the bill by voting against it. But if the bill was accepted by the lawmakers then it can now proceed to the ordinal stage which requires the presidents assent.If the bill passed by the legislature was not assented to by the executive, the legislature can constitutionally veto such bill into law after a period of 14 days. Federalism is a political system in which governmental powers are shared among the different tiers and organs of government such that each tier and organ is coordinate, independent, and exclusive in its own sphere of authority. (Leslie 1954) With reference to the debate on whether state power had been reduced or increase in a federal structure, cognisance would be given to emerging democracies mostly in third world countries where democratic structures are still growing.In Nigeria, state powers are gradually reduced as the constitution vested much power in the exclusive legislative list which only allows the federal government to legislate. (Ologbenla 1996) Matters such as currency, defence, health, mining, state creation, local government creation, boundary adjustment, leaving the state with little area to exercise its sphere of control. Unlike other federal structures like the United State of America where states have the autonomy on state police, the Nigerian federal structure did not provide for such provisions so far at the agitation of states to have their autonomy on the issue.In 2003, the Lagos state government embarked on the creation of local government which was later regarded as unconstitutional and led to a legal matter between the state and the federal government. (Tadese 2012) The judgement was later passed in favour of the federal citing that states do not have the constitutional right to create such establishment. In the American federal structure allows for state power to be shared between the central, state, and municipal governments in such a way that each state has its own constitution where it derives it powers from.Although when such laws clashes with national constitution the latter prevails. Federalism has been the major factor sustaining the democratic values as it has it functionality in both the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances which is maintained through the efficacy of institutions that guarantees a smooth democratic process.References Almond Gab riel, Gabber Powell. (1966). Comparative Politics A developmental approach Little Brown Co, Boston. Print. Easton David. (1961). A framework of political analysis, Yale University Press, New Haven. Print. Leslie Lipson. (1954). The Great Issues of Politics (5th edition) Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Print. Neuman Franz. (1949). Introduction to Montesquieus Spirit of Laws. Translated by doubting Thomas Nugent Halfner publishers, Chicago. Print. Ologbenla Derin. (1996). Introduction to political science, Olucity Press Limited, Lagos. Print. Tadese. Oyeniyi. A battle of legal supremacy Lagos State faces FG on creation of local government. Vanguard Newspaper. Web 30 phratry 2012.

How the Nile Form Ancient Egypt

Throughout history, humans have interacted with their environments to meet their needs and to satisfy their wants. Water has always played an important role in a civilizations ability to develop and thrive. People settled in the Nile River Valley to take advantage of the resources the water and devour provided. The Nile River was an integral part in the development and growth of the quaint Egyptian civilization, and it was the foundation for Egyptian innovations and religion.Ancient Egyptians interacted with the Nile River through their gods and in addition to using the river as a means for travel and trade, the Egyptians utilize its gifts, or resources for farming, inventions and religious ceremonies. The Nile River was the key factor in the growth and development of the ancient Egyptian civilization. The Egyptians relied on the Nile River for many resources and use it as a means for travel and trade. (Doc. C) The Egyptians used the papyrus that grew along the river to make pape r, which scribes used to record daily activities.This helped to develop their civilization because they could use hieroglyphics to hold open written records and document important economic, government or social events for the officials and pharaoh. Most Egyptians lived near the Nile. They mostly lived at the Nile Delta. The Nile Delta had the most vegetation so farmers/peasants live at that place to work in farms. (Doc. A) It was where they could actually get there crops growing. The most important resources the Nile River provided the ancient Egyptians were water and silt.Annual floods provided rich silt for which the Egyptians used to cultivate their crops. They learned that they could workings barley seeds in the same spot every year, and it would grow again if there was enough water. (Doc. D ) Having a surplus of food led to specialization in ancient Egypt. The division of labor was critical to the development of the ancient Egyptian civilization because it provided the Egyp tians with time to master their crafts and then trade. Egyptians used sailboats to travel up and down the Nile River to barter for goods and share ideas.(Doc. C)The local trade routes and longer expeditions that Egyptians often went on created interdependence between themselves and neighboring communities. The development and growth of the ancient Egyptian civilization was the direct result of the Nile River its most precious resource. The Nile River was a source of innovation and religion for the ancient Egyptian civilization. The Egyptians used other inventions to help them falsify and use the Niles gifts. They created a calendar which helped them predict the floods. (Doc.B)Being able to predict floods helped the Egyptians prepare for and manage the annual surge of water. Ancient Egyptians were innovators in math, recognition, medicine and architecture. It was their belief, however, that their gods were straight off responsible for everything they had and did. The Egyptians inv ented the shadoof, but they believed that their god-king Osiris taught them how to lead the waters to the barley. (Doc. D) The Egyptians believed that Osiris was the one who had given them the fields and the knowledge of planting seeds. (Doc.D)Finally, the ancient Egyptians strongly believed in life after expiration or the afterlife. The Nile River played an important role in the transportation of mummified Egyptian pharaohs or kings. Since they were buried on the west side of the Nile River, a funeral barge was used to transport Egyptian royalty to their tombs. (Doc. C) Ancient Egyptians used the Nile River as a source for their religion and inventions which helped them to develop, grow and thrive as a civilization. When the Nile rises, the land is in exultation. (Doc. E) Without the Nile River there would not be life in Egypt.Ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile River greatly, and their interaction with the river was evident in all aspects of their lives. The Nile River was st raight responsible for the growth and development of ancient Egypt. Without the river, the Egyptians would not have been able to farm and provide a constant food supply. The surplus of food made it possible for the Egyptians to make advancements in math, science and technology, and it provided them with the time and resources to barter. This helped them to develop and grow as a civilization. The Nile River was also directly connected to the Egyptians innovations and religion.The shadoof, nilometer and calendar are great examples of inventions the Egyptians developed to maximize their use of the Nile River which helped in their development. Finally, the ancient Egyptians believed that everything they had, including the Nile River, was connected to their gods. Therefore, the Nile River played an important role in religious ceremonies in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians interaction with the Nile River helped them to meet their needs and satisfy their wants, and it was directly resp onsible for their growth and development as a civilization.

Food Report-Pakistan

Also the times of these meals atomic number 18 different as breakfast or cognize in Pakistan as Cherish is eaten afore sunrise and dinner or Fatal is after sunset. As people are fasting during the day, lunch does not exist. Breakfast Breakfast is one of the three most common meals of the day, in Pakistan (Udder) Nashua in their native name for breakfast. The most common solid food eaten in breakfast includes eggs either boiled, fried. In addition, the egg is complemented by a valet de chambre of bread.Although tradition bread is known as root that is eaten. Some other food accompanied by the already listed is butter on bread or other various pitas. In Canada, coffee is the b eerage of preference in the morning, although in Pakistan, as they were formerly a rites colony, they adopted tea also known as chaw and this is their drink of choice. Lunch A traditional lunch in a Pakistani rest home is as follows typically a fount of meat inside of curry, some lunches include Chicken Cur ry and Beef Curry.In addition, to add variety to the meal, some households enjoy rice with beef and potatoes or chili soup. some other common type of lunch in Pakistan is Deal Chalk. Although, family lunches are not very common as the breadwinners are usually at produce and return home for dinner. Although lunch for breadwinners may vary as traditional food is not eaten at work, due to its cent and thus they either spoil food or have sandwiches for lunch. As no attention is given to the five food groups, some people may lack the suggested serving of the food groups.Dinner unlike Canada, in which breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day, Pakistan differs as dinner is the most important meal as the entire family is equanimous together and the quantity of the meal in greater. Furthermore, dinner is served late in comparison to Canada as the work hours are longer so families have dinner at around In addition, families usually have the most tasteful meal of t he day. One of the cost common meals in a Pakistani household is Brain. This meal includes rice, spices and other various meats depending on the persons choice. Desserts include sweets such as Gulag Jam or fruit platters.Family Relationships Family relations to food are known for to be very stereotypical in Pakistan as women are in charge of cooking the food while the men are the breadwinners. In Pakistan, the rate of economic consumption of women low thus most breadwinners are men and the women are left to do housework. Also the food choices may be limited as children are eating the same type of food again and again and this limits their choices. As Pakistan has such a high poverty rate choices of food is limited thus children cannot acquire unique taste although individuals with a large amount of wealth proper.Economy The Pakistani economy consists of a large part of the food families consume. If food prices were to ever rise, some families would not be able to meet the budget to be able to purchase all the products needed to prepare a meal. Statistics show that an honest income of Pakistani household averages around 79,1 58 RSI. which further shows that for a balanced diet an average Pakistani citizen needs about 1 1,454. 20 RSI. norm families consist of four members, which would require 45,816. 80 RSI. To purchase a sustainable amount of food for the family.

Attraction, Gender Roles, and Homosexuality: an Analysis of Brokeback Mountain

In this paper, I will identify examples from the film Brokeback Mountain that correspond concepts of human sexuality specifically, attraction sexual activity roles and socialization and sexual orientation in attempts to discuss the accurate portrayal of the concept within the scene, in harmoniousness with known research findings regarding the afore handsti integrityd topics.In Brokeback Mountain, Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist are two young men living a pastoral behavior as cowboys/ranch hands they meet each other for the first time in 1963 in Wyoming, to undertake a sheep herding job for the summer. Their employers mavin rule for them while up on Brokeback Mountain is that one of them has to stay with the sheep out in the fields overnight, and the other can stay at camp. afterward spending several weeks together enduring the jobs hardships, and with only each other for company, they slowly begin to build a kind.While at first their relationship is platonic, it eventually evolv es into a romantic one Brokeback Mountain depicts in depth the struggles and complications some(prenominal) internal and external Jack and Ennis must caboodle with end-to-end the entirety of their relationship. Attraction Because Ennis lives the stereotypical cowboy lifestyle, he frequently tends to keep to himself he has experienced many hardships throughout his lifetime, and is not prone to be particularly conversational.Jack, on the other hand, is easy-going and carefree his ambitions in life to become a rodeo cowboy have helped him to develop into a loquacious individual these temper characteristics are illustrated through Jack and Enniss first interactions with each other while up on Brokeback Mountain. While at first Jack and Ennis be like polar opposites, by spending so much time together while herding sheep, it allows them to open up to and identify with each other, and to see that they both feel isolated from society just to ifferent extents. According to the mere- exposure effect (Saegert et al. , 1973 cited in Hyde & Delamater, 2008), Jack and Enniss repeated exposure to one another lead to greater zest for each other (Bornstein, 1989 cited in Hyde & Delamater, 2008, p. 283). This consistently repeated exposure led to Jack and Ennis being able to build rapport amongst themselves, and help them realize that they are alike in many respects.Homophily, the inclination to be surrounded by and to have contact with people who are similar to ourselves in social status (Hyde & Delamater, 2008), also lends itself rise to Jack and Enniss relationship, in that, we tend to like people who are similar to ourselves, because they help to positively reaffirm our self-image (Hudson and Levinger, 1978 cited in Hyde & Delamater, 2008). Although Jack and Ennis would consistently nates heads about how to do things, they eventually grew to like each other albeit, platonically at first because they felt as if they grew to know and understand one another.Gender Roles and assimilation Socialization, a method in which a society expresses accepted norms and expectations of an individual (Hyde & Delamater, 2008), is very important in that, it provides an avenue for individuals come to know about sex activity roles and stereotypes. Via socialization, both Jack and Ennis learned of their expected gender roles, or a set of culturally defined expectations, that define how people of one gender ought to contain (Hyde & Delamater, 2008, pg. 314).For example, Ennis has been socialized to believe that men are supposed to be masculine, stoic, and composed however, developing homoerotic feelings for, and engaging in homosexual relations with Jack, are opponent to Enniss culturally-defined gender role of a man. later on their sheep-herding job is done, and the protagonists part ways, Ennis, unable to adequately comprehend and deal with everything that has happened to him while up on Brokeback Mountain, breaks cut in self-disgust, because these even ts have caused him to question his masculinity, a key part of his identity.Ennis, attempting to reassert his masculinity, tries to preserve it by waiting until he has privacy (running into a deserted back street way) to act out because socialization has taught him that men do not act on or display their emotions upon discovering that he is being observed by another, he defensively (and instinctually) lashes out in rage, like any straightaway man would be expected to do. Sexual Orientation Throughout the film, various situations arise in which both Jack and Ennis attempt to define their sexual orientation.Initially, we are lead to assume that both Jack and Ennis identify as heterosexual Ennis is engaged and is collectable to be married once he finishes the herding job on Brokeback Mountain, and we also assume that Jack is heterosexual, the reason for this being that straight is the sexuality that is most normally associated with his chosen profession (although there are some mom ents in which we may question this assumption about Jack for example, when he and Ennis first meet, Jack interminably checks Ennis out, attempting to do so discreetly while shaving).While up on Brokeback Mountain, however, we get more in-depth insight about both Jack and Enniss sexuality. After becoming extremely intoxicated one evening, Ennis decides to sleep at camp (instead of with the sheep) Jack convinces Ennis to sleep in the tent with him to avoid the cold, and Jack reaches over and uses Enniss hand to stimulate himself. Ennis, still intoxicated and sleep-drunk, is confused about what is happening once Jack clearly asserts what hes trying to do, Ennis initially resists him, still eventually succumbs, and Ennis engages in his first homosexual experience.Ennis realizes something about his relations with Jack are right, and continue although hesitantly at first to engage in them. Jack, who initiated the homosexual relations, could be placed in one of two categories regardin g his sexuality as bisexual, in that his gender orientation is geared towards both genders, or conversely as a situational homosexual.Situational homosexuality also helps to explain the late-immergence and occurrence of homosexuality in Ennis in situational homosexuality or deprivation homosexuality a somebody who identifies as heterosexual may engage in homosexuality activity, due to fact that they are in situations in which they are deprived of their regular heterosexual activity (Hyde & Delamater, 2008, p. 361) 1 while being away from other individuals for months at a time while on herding jobs, Jack may have turned to heterosexual activity, in order to satiate his need for sexual activity. ConclusionThroughout this paper, I have provided examples in which three specific concepts of human sexuality attraction, gender roles and socialization, and sexual orientation are portrayed in the film Brokeback Mountain. Although media tends to dramatize individuals experiences regarding human sexuality, through this film, we get glimpses into the interpersonal journeys of Jack Twist and Ennis Del Mar, two men who struggle not only with coming to terms with their own sexual identity, but who also struggle with the development and maintenance of their relationship and love for one another, spanning throughout their adulthood years.Although Jack and Enniss relationship is not stereotypical (for both men and women, heterosexual and homosexual alike), from it, we can take away from their relationship that, regardless of ones sexual orientation and/or preference, we all experience the same struggles regarding human sexuality, to some degree or aspect. 1 It is later revealed throughout the film, that Jack is, indeed, most likely bisexual.For example, some time after Jack and Ennis have parted ways after the herding job on Brokeback Mountain, he meets Lureen Newsome. some(prenominal) highly attracted to each other, they engage in sexual intercourse, which consequently re sults in Lureens pregnancy, and Lureen and Jacks marriage. However, throughout the year, Jack still maintains his relationship with Ennis, and admits that he has been to Mexico, to engage in homosexual relations.

Plaza Grocery Case Study Essay

I. INTRODUCTIONMr. Brad Holden is the executive vice president of the family-owned employment chain of six branches, Plaza Grocery, in the metropolitan argona. Mr. Holdens recently been swamped with problems regarding his employees, specific all(prenominal)y the stock employees considering they are paid according to what is stated in the periodic net profit point in the Federal Law. He observed that they are not efficient and effective decorous in their jobs, which vector sumed to empty shelves and slow function most of the time. He also had a hard time in obtaining enough appli give the axets for Plaza Grocery and worse is his employees are doing only the menial level of campaign in their jobs. He also noticed that his employees are deficiencying motivational drives to strive harder in performing their jobs.With all these that he is facing through, he finally decided to look for practical solutions to these problems. He came up with consulting to a local compensation expe rt and talking to a slender group and personally asking them what can remedy their slow and poor performance. The compensation expert recommended to Mr. Holden that he resort to the more contemporary compensation system. In the small group, virtually suggested an increase in their hourly wage rate, the others pitched in about inducings to be given for them to be moved and run for faster, while others did not confound any comment.For this case study, we will be placeing the homogeneously issues and problems. afterwards which, we will provide the framework or basis of argument which will relate the insufficiency of motivation or drive of the stock employees to the various models, theories and imaginations discussed in class. We will recommend and suggest certain preference gradations of actions which might help Mr. Holden to properly motivate his employees as well as his employees to improve their performance.II. ISSUE/PROBLEMBrad Holden is facing a situation in his groc ery store where there is knock over obtaining enough stock clerks/carryout workers to apply for the job. And when these applicants get hired they seem to lack the motivation to carry out their job which led to inefficient service and great checkout lines. These minimum hourly wage workers have expressed a desire for additional compensation. The problem that Brad needs to solve is which of the major stinting inducement system he can use to motivate his employees to become productive and also to attract other applicants to apply for the job.III. OBJECTIVESThe objective of this study is to identify different theories, c erstwhilepts and models under human behavior that can be applied to understand the situation Brad is facing. It will also identify and discuss what workable economic incentive system the management can use and then provide system recommendation that would lead to the best way in result the problem.IV. FRAMEWORKS/BASIS OF ARGUMENTSThe difficulties that arise in Brad Holdens family-owned grocery stores are attributed to the lack of motivation of employees. Lack of motivation can be a result of poor honour of employees. In Plaza Grocery, employees are only paid the usual wage rate or the minimum federal hourly wage. This can be a factor as to why the workers lack motivation in performing an effective and efficient job. Money, as a means of rewarding employees may serve as a great help for the company. It has status value and it represents to employees what their employer thinks of them. Using money as a reward is applicable in some of the motivational models previously studied.The expectancy model can be related to the companys situation. Employees in Plaza Grocery wanted a higher hourly wage rate which implies that money can act as a strong motivator. If an employee wants more of it (valence), he believes that putting up an effort will produce successful desired performance (expectancy) and he trusts that monetary reward will follow better per formance (instrumentality).Brad Holden can also consider the concept of incentives linking pay with performance. In order to get the employees motivated, he can adopt profit sharing. For profit sharing, employees are given a raft of the businesss profits. An implementation of this would get them encouraged to work harder and do whatever it takes to increase the sales of the business since they are looking after the possible income at the end.In addition, once the issue on wage is settled, the management can also do performance appraisal. Through this, performance of the employees can be evaluated and certain information about their work and its improvement will be discussed. This will make way for the employees to be more motivated and get rewarded.The concept of performance feedback can also be related to the situation of Plaza Grocery. With proper implementation of feedback, employees will be aware of what to do and how well they are meeting their goals. Some of the guidelines in giving feedback are the following be specific, allow room for choices, entangle positive factors to praise, establish priorities for change, and check for understanding to bear on a few.V. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONSNowadays, we can find different kinds of grocery stores around us and the supermarket is cosmos dominant than local market in terms of readiness and accessibility to people. As we mentioned, it is not wrong that quickness of the market is one of the crucial thing that has to be maintained first. To solve Plaza Grocerys problem about its workers lack of motivation, we would equal to recommend three alternative courses of action.First, Brad Holden should figure out why employees seem to lack motivation once he hired them because motivation can be the core of the power source that can make the work environment vivid or dull. Hence, we would like to state our first course of action, which we call ownership project. Brad Holden should encourage and convince the worke rs to think of themselves as a co-owner of the company or workplace. in advance the hired applicants become permanent employees, they would undergo an assessment. Their behavior in the workplace would be examined for at least one month to evaluate their attitude toward their work. After the examination, Brad can educate the qualified employees through orientations on how to work efficiently and effectively.Second, an incentive system can be a good course of action for workers to work faster since money can be a good motivator and reward. If Brad Holden continues to pay the employees at the minimum wage without bonus, the employees would not exert effort to do their work harder and faster. Increasing of hourly wage rate can be a course of action, along with providing incentives. When the hourly wage rate is increased alone, all employees would benefit. This may increase the workers productivity and motivation, but not fully since the benefit applies to all. Therefore, it will be bet ter if Brad Holden applies an incentive system or bonus system. The incentives given would be based on the employees performance, measured by his/her productivity. Through this, it can be more assured that the workers will be motivated in their work to earn their money more.Third, under incentive system, manager should appraise who got the highest performance result among the workers, and provide incentives like support for old parents or education of children. This alternative course of action is enough to motivate workers because these concern their families. Brad Holden will have to make records of separately employee to check their performance and growth and this environment can create competition among workers.VI. RECOMMENDATION/CONCLUSIONPlaza Grocery experiences problems with its employees due to low compensation and lack of incentives. Even after consulting a local expert, the same causes are pointed as the reason for the employees poor performance. Given this situation, w e recommend the company to apply the second alternative course of action, which is to increase the wage rate and apply an incentive system.The store, having only six branches, can easily increase the wages due to the relatively small number of workers. However, once an increase is implemented in one branch, the same shall be applied in the other branches to emphasize the sense of equity among the employees of all branches. Although this may entail costs for the company, the increase in workers productivity may lead to higher sales, providing more revenue. In the long-run, the benefits would outweigh the costs.Although increasing the wage rate may motivate the employees to work harder, it is not enough because it would not always and ultimately lead to the satisfaction of their needs. What the company can do is to adopt an incentive system. The incentives the company can offer may be financial or non-financial in nature. Financial incentives would include performance bonuses, social security benefits, and paid absences. Non-financial incentives would include recognition and feeling of achievement, advancement opportunity, and flexible scheduling.Even though it is said that money is one of the best rewards, the non-financial rewards can also stimulate the employees motivation. It is not enough that employees are financially well-off. For them to stay long in the company, both the salary and the working conditions have to be satisfied. However, as we learned in class, according to Herzbergs Two Factor Model, the pay is part of the hygiene factors, while the work itself is a motivational factor. Therefore, the employees must first be satisfied with their wage in the beginning the company can meet the motivational factors.In conclusion, Plaza Grocery has to strengthen its workforces motivation by providing them just wages and work incentives. This entails an investment on the part of Plaza Grocery. But once the workers are motivated and their productivity gradually increase, Plaza Grocery will see itself being better-off in the future.

Catcher and the Rye

Every citizen how the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Those are the statements given to us by the Declaration of Independence. Out of these words, heap believed that an ideal lifestyle depose be found in America, dubbed the American moon. This concept provides the belief of prosperity and happiness, in which can be achieved with hard work and determination. The backstop in the rye and Shawshank Redemption conflicts prevent the protagonists from acquiring the standards of what the American dream is whole told about, a fair and peaceful world.Although they dally into obstacles within their lives, they continuously strive for their American dream. The Catcher in the Rye and The Shawshank Redemption both revolve around the ideal of the American dream because they both signify the value of freedom, the goal of starting in the raw lives with better opportunities, and finding happiness in their lives. The American Dream can not exsist without freedom. Freedom is the most quintessential trait that the dream promises to all citizens. In both of the works, the protagonists are confined in a place where they feel they do not belong in.Pencey is to Holden as Shawshank is to Andy. As a result, they attempt to unhorse their institution and follow their natural instinct. entirely of a sudden, I decided what Id really do, Id get the hell out of Pencey right that same night and all I yelled at the top of my goddamn voice Sleep tight, ya morons Ill bet that I woke up any bastard on the whole floor. then I got the hell out(Salinger 28,29). Holden is frustrated with Pencey and decides to leave to a place in which he will find much more suitable.He considers the school as an elaborate trap in which he is caught within a society of phoniness. Andy, on the otherhand, spends nearly two entire decades digging a tunnel every night that will lead to him out of Shawshank state prison. His patience and determination eventually leads to his success. When h e steps out of prison for the first time in twenty years, he cannot help but cheer in his effort. As both characters strive for their freedom, they also strive for a successful life. In admission to freedom, Holden and Andy both want to be able to start their lives over in a better place.The characters point out where they would like to go if they could at the moment. In the movie, Andy tells Red that if he were to ever get out of Shawshank, he would like to spend his life in Zihuatanejo, Mexico, down south by the Pacific Ocean. There, he would like to start a hotel and bring Red join him. Andy also uses a fake identity he created for himself that he can uses as an false name so he will not be traced back to. With that same identity, he can manage the money he made during the laundering carrying into action spot he was in prison.In the aftermath of the movie, Andy utilizes the American dream by making his fantasies a reality. Throughout the novel, Holden repeatedly explains whe re he would rather be than where he actually is at the moment. Near the end, Holden fantasizes about traveling West and building a cabin where he can falsly live as a indifferent(p) mute so he no longer will have to deal with other people. Id start hitchhiking my way out West I evaluate I could get a job at a filling station somewhere Id build me a little cabin somewhere with the mark I made and live there for the rest of my life(Salinger 106,107).In American history, migrating to the West was a common sign of finding a more booming life and creating new opportunities for yourself and family. When the Calfornia gold rush began, it brought nearly 300,000 people to California in hope that they could strike fortune and become wealthy. Migrating also meant that some people couldnt deal with the lifestyles of either the North or the South, so they settled to move westward instead. It is much like Holdens retreat of society. He would much rather run away and make excuses then face his problems.Holden and Andy seek out their dream location they would like to live at along with the happiness and joy of their lives. go along from new opportunities, the protagonists happen to be in the pursuit of happiness. Both characters are constantly placed in dire situations that make themselves feel depressed and miserable. trance they live out their lives, they struggle and attempt to determine what they should do during their time on earth. Holden is undergoing identity and role confusion and Andy is in confinement.Although much of their purpose is un screwn, they have few moments of where they may sleep together life and look back at who they are. In The Shawshank Redemption, Andy locks himself in the wardens office and plays an Italian record over the intercom for all the other prisoners to hear. Even though he knows he will be disciplined for doing so, he still decides to follow through. As the warden and the guards try to enter the office, he ignores them and enjoys th e music to make himself feel like a normal person again. It was an emotional moment for him that really showed he is looking for a reason to enjoy life for. In TheCatcher in the Rye, Holden brings his younger sister Phoebe to the carousel and watches her ride it. When it begins to rain, he watches his sister go around while getting soaked. All of a sudden, just seeing his sister gets him all happy it nearly gets him to start crying. I felt so dam happy all of a sudden, the way old Phoebe kept going around and around. I was dam near bawling, I felt so damn happy, if you want to know the truth(Saligner 114). At this point, Holdens love and concern for his sister causes him to become affectionate. His sister is what keeps him happy though he is confused throughout his life.Holden and Andy both find moment in their lives through Phoebe and Red where the pursuit of happiness shows that everyone in America can make it and life worthwhile lives. In the end, the American dream is present i n The Catcher in the Rye and The Shawshank Redemption because the desire for freedom, improved lives, and happiness are all incorporated within them. Holden tries to escape from his simulated society at Pencey and travel west where he can live the rest of his life as a deaf mute in a cabin, however, he eventually finds happiness in his life after watching his sister Phoebe on the carousel.Andy dreams of life on the outside world while listening to a record and escapes one night to start a hotel near the Pacific coastline in Mexico with his friend Red. Both characters have found many another(prenominal) obstacles on their journey to fulfilling their wishes. Neither once did they completely give up and quit following their natural instinct. With the amount of effort and determination, they have conquered and found their American dream.

Criminological Perspectives Essay

Various variables in ones life bum contribute to deviant deportments, which is analyzed and exempted through supposition. These variables argon but non limited to where one grows up, what type of masses you surround yourself with, age, gender, etc. The scenario that this essay go away with child(p)ly prefer to and use extensively throughout this essay is close a male named Colin in his teens. When growing up, he live on the bad side of town as opposed to about of his friends who lived on the reclaim side of town, and who were a lot more privileged.Colin was from a bittie town that had many altercations relating to the youth of that community. There was nothing productive for Colin to do in the small town, which caused excessive boredom for him. Colin had been arrested at the age of 15 for stealing gas from a neighbors truck, charges were not laid, but the entire community knows of his transgression. Also, Colin took the brunt of the certificate of indebtedness for a thef t in which he was not acting alone. Finally, at the age of 17, Colin left the small town behind and was accepted into a hand college. Colins age, where he lives, and his criminal involvement at a young age go out be the focus for the rest of the essay. In turn, this paper is passage to analyzing a youth from a small town, where there is proven higher rate of shame, and explaining it using two theoretical theories.Thus, by examining the two most super recognized theories in depth, the small Self Control surmise and Akers Social learnedness Theory, and analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, we can then begin to understand wherefore genuine crimes occur, partitionicularly in Colins scenario. By exploring the Low Self Control Theory, also known as the General Theory of Crime, criminologists can explain why crime occurs. Low Self Control Theory and its presumption about human style has been incorporated into different criminological theories over the past decades (Wright, 2000). Low Self Control Theory was created in 1990 by Gottfredson and Hirschi and expanded on the earlier works of Durkheim (1987), Reiss (1951) and also Hirschis (1969) earlier work on bonding.The theory evolved to suggest that self-control is the general concept around which all of the known facts about crime can be organized (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). This theory focuses on the personality of crime that is crimes be connected in the search of pleasure and avoidance of pain (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). The Low Self Control Theory is understood to explain an separates tendency to perform or refrain from committing crimes, just as high self-control explains an individuals likelihood of conforming to social norms and laws (Akers, 1991, pg. 201). Gottfredson and Hirschi explain that the concept of self-control is a learned behavior (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990).They note that individuals who be involved with crime also train in behaviors that provide short-term felicity (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Speeding, unprotected sex, gambling, smoking, and drinking are a few examples of risky behaviors that whitethorn be evident in criminals who seek immediate satisfaction (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). The most prominent individual difference is ones self control or deprivation of which is composed of six elements impulsivity, risk taking, a preference for simple tasks, a preference for physical use, temper and finally self-centeredness (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). The theory then alludes that individuals who have these psychological traits have the opportunity to partake in criminal behaviors and are more likely to participate in criminal exercise (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Gottfredson and Hirschis (1990) theory has received attention from theorists and researchers (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik, Arnekley, 1993).They focused on the proposition that self-control, adopted first in life, dissuademines who will be likely to commit crimes (Grasmick et al, 1993). According to Low Self Control Theory, children with behavioral problems tend to grow into delinquents and eventually into adult offenders (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Gottfredson and Hirschi push argue that the level of self-control largely depends on the quality of parenting in a childs early years, as the path for or against crime happens early in life (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990).Furthermore, the theory asserts that parenting is the most crucial factor, which will determine an individuals level of self-control. If a child has a run-down upbringing, he or she tends to have the six elements outlined by Low Self Control Theory (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Children whose parents provide adequate care and punish muck up will develop the self-control needed and resist the easy temptations offered by crime. (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Low Self Control Theory argues that a lack of self-control is neither a sufficient nor essential condition for crime to occur as ot her factors may offset an individuals likelihood of committing criminal acts (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990).Although lack of self-control and the familys utilization in its failed development do not mean that an individual will become deviant and take part in criminal events, it will provide situations that will make conditions favorable for delinquency (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Gottfredson and Hirschi unmistakably identify the role of parents as the most essential cause of socializing for adolescent youths (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). Hirsch has provided the dynamics of the familys important role in reducing the chances of childhood delinquency (Hirschi, 1995). As the Low Self Control Theory states, individuals who are ineffectively parented prior to age 10 develop less self-control than their similarly aged and better-parented counterparts. This makes them prone to quick and easy gratification when assumption the opportunity (Gottfredson & Hirschi 1990).Opportunity of cri me is apparent for individuals living in a small town, which is prone to crime. Partaking in different types of crimes, such as Colin does, tend to be exciting, risky, or thrilling and they maintain an adventurous point of view. This is especially the case, since Colin is bored in a small town where no action is available to him. As most of the theory is focused on good parenting, and lack of opportunity, small communities will have a tough time deterring criminals in taking part in crime. However, having more police presence will deter individuals from committing crimes throughout the community, as the criminals will partake in crime as long as the opportunity presents itself. On the contrary, if the individuals are neglected as children or have been in an scurrilous household it will be extremely difficult to deter individuals to commit crimes.Colin has no friends to play with because he does not reside on the wealthy side of town which could bring about neglect, and/or his parent s could be abusive or absent in his childhood years. Akers Social breeding Theory consists of four key elements. Firstly, imitation refers to the degree of which an individual mimics behaviour that others may admire. Whether or not the behaviour is imitated is affected by external characteristics such as the characteristics of the model, the behaviour observed, and the observed consequences (Akers & Jenson, 2003). These individuals are more than likely to be people that have a personal relationship.Definitions refer to the level of approval individuals hold regarding morals and laws as well as specific deviant behaviour. These definitions are both general (religious, moral) and specific (Akers & Jenson, 2003). Differential association is the third element of Akers social learning model as it refers to attitudes and patterns of behaviours, which are assailable in interaction with others (Paternoster & Bachman, 2001). Differential association has both behavioural interactional and n ormative dimensions (Paternoster & Bachman, 2001). Finally, differential reinforcement refers to the anticipated costs and rewards associated with an individuals stipulation behaviour. An act or action that is considered to experience more rewards than costs is more likely to be performed or repeated (Paternoster & Bachman, 2001).In 1998, Akers published a book entitled Social Learning and Social Structure, where he expands further on Social Learning Theory by explaining crime rates as a function, called the Social Structure-Social Learning Theory. While, Social Learning Theory focuses on individual criminal behaviour, Social Structure-Social Learning focuses on the macro-level causes of crime stating that environments seismic disturbance the individual through learning (Akers 1998). This theory has the same key principles as Social Learning Theory but due to criticism that he received, Akers elaborates on the topic. By examining the principles of Akerss theory, crime that takes p lace in Colins scenario can be explained. Akers developed a theory that can be employ to many different types of criminals and crimes. However, it is best applied to behavior within groups from which receive reinforcement such as gangs and social/peer groups (Akers, 1998).Furthermore, the theory can be applied to any crime that beings any kind of gain. The gain can include dogmatic attention from their group, or pleasure. In most cases an individual will learn behavior from others and then the behavior is reinforced. Taking into consideration when Colins participated in the theft with peers and took all of the blame for it once he was caught. As most of his friends are from the right side of town, and he is not, he may have felt pressure from the upper class to take blame. Also, if crime is being committed in a small town and individuals are witnessing it, it can give other criminals the opportunity to join in as the police work fill up double, the chances of getting caught for c ommitting a crime decreases.As per Social Learning Theory, Akers states that if the risk is the worth the reward than an individual will proceed in committing crimes. Thus, taste Akers 4 elements of social learning and applying them to Colins scenario will give individuals a better chance of successfully avoiding crime. However, the solitary(prenominal) effective way to do so is to deter criminals by adding the use of security cameras, added police forces, and making examples out of those individuals who are caught. Which is not what happened when Colin was caught for stealing gas out of his neighbors truck. If he were to be made an example out of, the likelihood of it happening again would be low.Out of the two approaches that are being examined, I believe for the example for Colins scenario that the Low Self Control Theory is more convincing in explaining the opportunities of committing crime. Although Low Self Control Theory can be applied to the situation, Akers Social Learnin g Theory gives a better understanding of when and why individuals would commit crimes in small towns, such as where Colin is from. As the individuals involved do not necessarily have to have a criminal past, through imitation of their peers and the other elements of social learning, can resort to committing crimes. Other factors that can be included are alcohol, drugs, and peer pressure but as long as the behavior is positively enforced, the individuals will take part in it.Akers Social Learning Theory provides a micro perspective on why individual offenders decide to commit specific crimes people choose to engage in crime because it can be rewarding, easy, satisfying, fun, and in this case, entertaining. Most of the individuals that would be taking place in these crimes would be heavily influenced be external factors and may just fall under the gang mentality. Although both theories have been studied throughout the history of criminology and continue to be expanded, there are many strengths and weaknesses that can be examined. The Low Self Control Theory has received many criticisms as Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that there is only one type of offender and only a single factor, which causes crime.Many researchers found that there are various paths that criminals can take (Goode, 2008). People behave criminally at a different speed than others, commit different types of crimes, and have different external influences that contribute to the behavior (Goode, 2008). Moreover, Low Self Control Theory argues that criminal tendency is unable to change. Therefore, according to this theory, an individuals personality and behavioral patterns will also never change over the course of a lifetime. However, research shows that life fixation events and traditional events such as starting or finishing school, abusing drugs, recovering from drugs, and beginning or ending personal relationships, all clearly impact the probability of behaving criminally (Goode, 2008). This applies to Colins scenario, as he may change his criminal ways once being committed to school.On the contrary, Gottfredson and Hirschi were quite popular in the views of American criminologists in the early 1990s. As they identified parenting as the most decisive factor in determining the likelihood that a person will commit crimes, child rearing became an important factor for parents. Despite frequently criticism, the body of empirical tests of the general theory of crime has been fairly consistent in revealing a link between self-control and crime.Studies have shown that individuals with higher self-control are less likely to engage in criminal activity (Goode, 2008). In the context of Colins scenario, the weaknesses that can be exploited is that individuals that are not necessarily criminals may take part in criminal activity due to a number of external factors that have been presented in this paper. These individuals may have had a great upbringing from their parents, but faile d to make a positive decision, such as out of boredom.Akers Social Learning Theory has also received criticisms over the years although it is not nearly as much as Gottfredson and Hirschi. According to many criminologists, Social Learning Theory does not provide applicable advice for controlling or preventing crime (Jeffery, 1990). It does explain how criminal behavior is transmitted from one person to another, which can explain increases in types of crimes. The theory does not address the issue of how crime can be prevented (Jeffery, 1990). Moreover, Akers work is that it ignores the role of opportunity in criminal behavior (Jeffery, 1990).The assumption that people who learn criminal behavior must have come into contact with such behavior is the base of the theory. However, the theory does not explain exactly how a person comes into contact with people exhibiting criminal behavior (Jeffery, 1990). Akers has provided counter arguments or explained why the criticisms are not valid. The criticism that social learning theory ignores social context was dealt with in the expansion of social learning theory to social context-social learning theory.Gottfredson and Hirschis Low Self Control Theory and Akers Social Learning Theory are not likely to be integrated. Colvins Differential irresistible impulse Theory combines elements from both theories (and others) and applies them in the context of his own. However, Akers heavily criticizes Gottfredson and Hirschis Low Self Control Theory and the key components that make up that theory.Therefore, I do not believe it is possible to integrate both theories while keeping the main concepts together. To conclude, Low Self Control Theory and Social Learning Theory both provide exceptional analysis of Colins scenario. By understanding the key concepts of the Low Self Control Theory and Social Learning Theory, the explanation of where and why crime occurs would give reassurance to individuals of Colins town. By comparing and con trasting these two theories, an individual can apply them to how growing up in a small town might affect them and potentially provide methods and opportunities to deflect crime.ReferencesAkers, Ronald L. (1998). Social Learning and Social Structure A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. Boston Northeastern University PressAkers, R. L., & Jensen, G. F. (2003). Social learning theory and the explanation of crime a guide for the new century. New Brunswick, N.J. operation.Akers, Ronald L. (1991). Self-control as a general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 7(2), 201-211.Akers, R. L. (2009). Social learning and social structure a general theory of crime and deviance. New Brunswick, N.J. Transaction Publishers.Clarke, Ronald V. (1995). Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention. Crime and Justice, Vol. 19, Building a Safer Society Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention (1995), pp. 91-150Goode, E. (2008). Out of control assessing the general theory of crime.Stanford, C alif. Stanford Social SciencesGrasmick, Harold G., Charles R. Tittle, Robert J. Bursik Jr, and Bruce J. Arneklev (1993)..Testing the warmheartedness Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschis General Theory of Crime, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 305-29.Hirschi, Travis. (1995). The Family. In James Q. Wilson and Joan Petersilia (eds.). Crime. (pp.121-140). San Francisco Institute for Contemporary Studies.Jeffery, C. Ray. (1990). Criminology. New jersey Prentice Hall.Paternoster, R., Bachman, R. (2001). Explaining criminals and crime essays in contemporary criminological theory. Los Angeles, Calif. Roxbury Pub. Co.Wright, Richard.A (2000) Recent Changes in the Most-Cited Scholars in Criminology A Comparison of Textbooks and Journals. Journal of Criminal Justice.

Cost Behaviors and Allocations Essay

The relationship between fixed, variable, and join speak tos of an organization is called speak to behavior. It is also known as underlying cost structure, and is used for planning, control, and last making within the organization. Healthcare organizations face several challenges to try and improve the quality of care and master costs at the same time. Their response to how to do this describes their cost behavior. Fixed costs is a cost that are certain regardless of the volume of function that are delivered and will occur even if the speediness is closed.Variable costs are related directly to the amount of service that is delivered. These two costs contrive up the underlying cost structure of an organization. For example the costs of supplies used to draw blood in a laboratory, would be the variable costs, the costs to keep the laboratory open would be fixed costs. To image the cost behaviors of the organization you have to figure out the relationship these costs have with the amount of services that they are delivering.To manage your costs you want to make sure that you are bringing in nice volume that will cover your costs. toll allocation is a very important part of cost measurement. It is a determine process that within the organization where managers allocate the costs of all the departments. Within health care organizations the command processing overhead time costs, costs from patient services departments, and support costs have to be allocated. Due to this pricing and service offerings are based on the total costs in relation with each services.If the allocations of overhead costs are allocated properly the organization is better able to make good decisions for the organization. Works Cited Evans III, J. H. (1998). Cost Management and Management Control in Healthcare Organizations Research Opportunities. Behavioral Research in report , 10, 78-103. Gapenski, L. (2012). Healthcare finance An introduction to accounting and financial manageme nt (5th ed. ). Chicago Health Administration Press.

Five Ways to Kill a Man

In this very(prenominal) blunt poem, Edwin Brock describes five distinct periods in which death had taken place. It is also hinted how universe has evolved in their methods to kill themselves. Each stanza represents a different time and place. This is ranged from the biblical era to the mid-twentieth century. Different phrases within the stanzas give away which era Brock is referring to. All of which have different meanings and a very unemotional t sensation to them. And one man to hammer the nails home. The first stanza features the phrase above.It refers to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, when nailing a person to wood using nails to hold the victim was capital punishment. The people are assumed to be Roman, since this form of capital punishment was only practiced by this group in ancient times. The pull back in which a crowd of people wearing sandals reinforces the idea of the people being Roman. Brock suggests that in coiffe to do something as gruesome as killing a person, all one would need was a person, some wood, as soundly as nails.Things become more a tad more multiform in the war or the roses, or the European Middle Ages when utensils come into play. A length of steel, molded and chased in a traditional way applies to swords or really any type of weapon that could be used to pierce the metal cage he wears or armor. Brock illustrates how wars were fought for honor. At least ii flags, is referring to two different armies, or royalties that fight a amplificationst each other so that one muckle gain glory and celebrate their victory by having a banquet. Gas warfare in the First reality War is described in the third stanza.In this time, men would blow mustard-gas, or chlorine gas, at their opposition when the wind would be blowing in the right direction. In this time, mud ditches were also introduced, allowing for soldiers to hide from their enemies as thoroughly as attack without being in full view. Round hats made of steel describes the hel mets that soldiers would wear for protection. In the forth stanza, the age of aeroplanes describes being to dispose of the enemy by only pressing one elflike switch. This means killing by outpouring, as what was done in world war two. Since bombing was practiced by he Germans, the Japanese, as well as the Americans, no one can be too sure which people Brock is referring to, if any specifically. However, since the line an ocean to separate you, two systems of government, a nations scientists, several factories it is implied that it is referring to the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. This is because both nations used every scientist possible as well as every factory in order to find new ways to destroy one another. A psychopath, is mentioned in regards to Hitler. The last stanza is even broader than the last.Purposely making it to where the readers own opinions can take form and assume their own reasonable explanations. Simpler, direct, and much more neat is to se he is living somewhere in the middle of the twentieth century, and chair him there. In my own interpretation of this line, I think Brock was trying to say to us that its so much easier to kill a man in this day and age than it was in biblical times or the Middle Ages. Man has evolved so much in their attempt to perfect their way of killing, that all one would have to do is leave a man in this day and age and death would be able to find him.

Intro to Philosophy Essay

The word philosophy itself means the love of wisdom. philosophical system stands for doing the right thing or being a just person. Philosophy also means to dupe things for what they truly ar and non what they may enamourm to be. A philosophers flavour is a womb-to-tomb quest to find the meaning of things beyond their animal(prenominal) appearance. The Ring of Gyges is a ring that a humanness puts on and begets invisible. When he does wrong he is not blamed, he gets away with it. Once a opus puts this ring on he can be unjust without punish handst. In the second book of The commonwealth Adimantus argued that the unjust life is happier than the unjust.His argument was that a just man can go without now and know heaven in the afterlife while an unjust man will go without nothing and in time enjoy the benefits of the after life. Through the eyes of a philosopher there atomic number 18 two worlds, the visible world and the in spotigible world. In the visible you can see things and judge them from what you actu every(prenominal)y see. If a person sees a crown one could judge that it is a beautiful flower. However, the person is judging this flowers beauty on its physical appearance and their claim is merely an opinion rather than true familiarity.In The Allegory of the Cave men argon chained inside of a undermine. All they can see is the shadows that ar formed on the protect in bowel movement of them. The people inside of the cave believe that the shadows that be being err on the bulwark is reality. When one of the men is unchained and brought to the impertinent world at first he is blinded by the sun and cannot see clearly. The man can solely see the shadows of the objects in front of him, this can be perceived as the images of physical objects. When his eyes adjust he can see more than the shadows, he can see the physical objects themselves.When the man goes spinal column inside of the cave to tell the others what he has seen he again cannot see clearly be piss his eyes have not adjusted. The others in the cave laugh claiming that the sun has ruined his eyes. For a period of time he cannot decipher what the shadows on the w wholly are imitating. They dont believe what the man is telling them. In Platos Analogy of the divide Line the four stages of cognition, which represent the levels of existence, are explained. The first two stages, the good and the sun, represent the visible world.The leash and fourth stages, knowledge and opinion, represent the intelligible world. These stages are represented in The Allegory of the Cave. Without the suns light we would not be able to see everything at all. The sun allows us to see the flower that we perceived as beautiful. Without the suns light we would not be able to see or perceive any of the physical objects that exist. The sun is perceived as the things that we see. The sun also allows for all living life on earth. Without the sun all life on Earth would diminish. Wit hout the sun we could not perceive anything at all. 1.A person can only understand something once they have r separatelyed the senior high schoolest level of cognitive activity. champion moldiness acquire the Form of Good before they can truly understand something. Images and assumptions are not decorous support to truly understand the meaning of something. The images the prisoners in the cave saw and the assumptions they made about what they model they could be are only their opinions. Although they were able to identify the shadows on the wall as what they thought they were it is not enough to truly know what they are, the identities assumption to the shadows by the prisoners is merely their opinion.In Phaedo Socrates claims that our soulfulness is attached to our soundbox. Our consistence acts as a vessel only operating because of the soul inside. According to Socrates our body holds us back from perceiving things for what they truly are and therefore a philosopher should desire death because it enables them to continue their quest of reality. 2. Socrates viewed death as a purification of the body that allows us find pure wisdom. Socrates explained how our souls are glued to our bodies and only when they are unfastened by death is a person able to experience wisdom in its purest severalise.The body distracts us from finding the truth because it requires maintenance. The body allows us to feel pain and emotions like love, fear and hunger. Socrates admits that philosophers are more or less practicing for death and should embrace it when it comes for them. And will he who is a true fan of wisdom, and is persuaded in like manner that only in the world below he can worthily enjoy her, still repine death? Will he not de kick downstairs with joy? Surely, he will, my friend, if he be a true philosopher. For he will have a firm belief that there only, and nowhere else, he can find wisdom in her purity. (Phaedo pg. 65) Socrates believes that philosophy is good because it enlightens us to what things actually are rather than what theyre perceived to be. Philosophy is what brings the unchained man outside of the cave. It pushes us to go into the unknown, which we at one point we thought we knew. Once we realize what things actually are we also realize that we had no idea what they really were before. The man in the cave that once thought that the only reality was the shadows on the wall now realizes that the shadows werent reality at all.Socrates was formally charged because he didnt worship the gods recognized by the realms and for corrupting the early days of A consequentlys. The informal charges against Socrates was asking interrogations that were unusual, or outside of the box. Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious person, who searches into things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the better cause and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others p. 21 Apology The oracle of Delphi told Socrates that h e was the wisest man. Socrates refused to accept this statement and went searching for a wiser man than himself.In search of a wiser man than himself, Socrates talked with many people including politicians, poets and craftsmen who claimed to be wise. Socrates found them to not be wise because they thought they knew things that they did not. Socrates proclaimed himself as wise because he knew that he did not know. Socrates exposed the false wisdom of the men who were thought to be wise. Naturally these men held much resistance and ill will towards Socrates. These negative feelings contributed to Socrates trial. Socrates refutes Meletus statement that he doesnt believe in any god, that he is an atheist.Socrates does this by corroborative that he does in fact believe in supernatural activities, such as his inner interpreter that told him he was the wisest man, and therefore is not an atheist. Socrates states that wealthy young men, enjoy following him around and listening to him que stion people. Its entertaining for them. These men, who think they are wise but arent, then go out and move to do this on their own. When the people they question get angry instead of being angry with themselves, become angry with Socrates. They accuse Socrates of filling the young mens head with nonsense.When asked about what Socrates teaches they dont know and then use claims already made against philosophers against Socrates. Socrates then asks Meletus who he thinks an im giver of the youth is. Meletus claims that the practice of law is an improver of the youth, such as judges and senators. Socrates then proclaims that everyone in the state is an improver of the youth moreover himself. Meletus agrees to this statement. Socrates states that he must either not corrupt the youth or unintentionally corrupt the youth because good do their neighbors good, and evil do them evil. If he had corrupted someone, in theory, they should have harmed him by now.In Socrates last defense he say s, For if you kill me you will not easily find another like me, who, if I may use such a ludicrous figure of speech, am a screen out of gadfly, given to the state by God and the state is like a great and noble steed who is sluggish in his motions owing to his very size, and requires to be stirred into life. I am that gadfly which God has given the state, and all day long and in all places am always fastening upon you, arousing and persuading and reproaching you. (31-32) Socrates is attempting to demonstrate to the people of the city that there is more to their life than what meets the eye.Without philosophers such as himself they will continue to live the life theyre living with no desire to search for more. They will continue to accept the shadows on the wall as their reality. There are one-third parts to the soul. These three parts consist of the rational, high intuitive feeling and the appetitive. The rational portion of the soul is the part of us that seeks knowledge of wi sdom. According to Plato the rational should curb the soul. The high spirit consists of the angry and prideful part of the soul that defends and aids the rational. The high spirit avoids shame.The final part of the soul, the appetitive, is the part of the soul that desires. While some desires are necessary, others are not. If not restrained by the rational, the appetitive portion of the soul can over rule all other parts. In addition to the three parts of the soul there are also three parts of the city. These three parts are the gold, silver and the bronze. The golds are the guardians, the silvers are the enforcers of the laws (helpers), and the bronzes are the merchants and tradesmen. The city virtue of wisdom resides inwardly the golds, the guardians.In order to posses civic wisdom one must know how the city operates and how all parts of the city are connected. The knowledge of how the city runs and operates allows the city to operate at the highest level. The city virtue of bra very and justness resides with the silvers, the enforcers of laws. Civic bravery is the defined as the Silvers upholding their education about what things are and are not to be feared and in what order as ordered to them by the Golds. Civic justice refers to sticking to your own ply whether you are a moneymaker, helper, or guardian. Its considered unjust to work outside of your boundaries.The city virtue of soberness exists within the bronze citizens, the merchants and tradesmen, of the city. The civic temperance is the agreement (harmony) between the three sections (gold, silver and bronze) as to who should rule and who should obey. The personal virtue of wisdom is housed by ones rational portion of the soul. Personal wisdom consists of knowing all parts of the soul and how they are connected to one another. The ultimate goal of personal wisdom is care the soul as healthy and as balanced as possible. Personal bravery and justice is contained within the high-spirit part of the s oul.The High-Spirit of the soul is to preserve the education of what is and is not to be feared. The Rational tells the High-Spirit in which order things are to be feared or not feared. The personal virtue of justice minds its own within each part of the soul. The appetitive portion of the soul houses the personal temperance virtue. The personal temperance works in agreement between the three portions of the soul as to who should rule and who should obey. The prefer of philosophy with respect to the state is the efficiency. Everyone has jobs that relate well to their attributes.You cannot be a gold (guardian) without first experiencing being a bronze and then a silver. In order to be a gold one must possess knowledge of all three parts of the city. This ultimately leaves the best most knowledgeable citizens in charge of the city. The advantage of philosophy in regards to the individual is the balance between all parts of the soul. All parts of the soul are important to understand a nd the rational helps us inherit the wisdom needed to understand these aspects of the soul. One who constantly indulges in the appetitive portion of the soul will be overcome by it.When a person posses wisdom they know when a desire is necessary rather than unnecessary. Students and states that pursue philosophy are better off than the ones who dont because of the level of intelligence they hold. When a student or state has the knowledge of all the levels of either the civic or individual level theyre more presumable to excel in their job. Without philosophy there would be no need to extend ones boundaries and explore the unkown. Socrates was the man in the cave who managed to break free from his chains and see the world beyond the cave.His accusers, the men still chained inside of the cave, refused to accept what Socrates was trying to show them. If they accepted what Socrates was trying to prove it would be a harsh reality for all they ever knew would diminish. Life outside of th e cave is unknown. Its far less scary to continue their life believing that the shadows on the wall are all that there is. Works Cited Plato, and Benjamin Jowett. The Trial and Death of Socrates Four Dialogues. New York Dover Publications, 1992. Print. Plato, H. D. P. Lee, and M. S. Lane. The Republic. London Penguin, 2007. Print.

Problem Cell Phones Essay

A unsettled bring forward (also known as a cellular call in, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a pull that enkindle make and receive recollect calls over a radio link while contemptible around a wide geographic bea. It does so by connecting to a cellular nedeucerk provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing entree to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is determination only within the short range of a single, private base station.In assenting to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such(prenominal) as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Blue alsoth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that cleft these and more than general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. Dis benefits & Advantages of booth phone According to http//vidyaprakash. expertscolumn. com/article/ placerages-cell-phones Cell phone is comp ete an important role in this modern world.It is very hard to see a person without a mobile phone. Even a little kid receive the ability to access the cell phone fluently without any problem. Kids are very much interested in playing games in mobile phone and pass a lot of eon with it. As we know too much of cell phone usage is non good for us and it pass on give around undesired health issues. Cell phone will create some unwanted radiation syndrome which is not good for our originator. A person who is using cell for a big time will sure enough get health issues due to it. We must control our cell activities.Avoid using it for a long time and use it whenever needful. Listening music using the ear phone is the new trend of the youngsters and close of the persons are interested in listen music with their hands free while riding their two cyclist. Really it is a dangerous thing which have gots a lot of unwanted accidents. Most of the two wheeler accidents are happened du e to this activity. Now we are living a fast life and dont have enough time to meet our friends and family members. Simply we make a call to them and accept close to their updates.Previously people will meet their friends and beloved persons directly and ask active their present status, except now it is easy to communicate with anyone using the phone and most of the persons are converted to this trend it pull down the get together and social reunions a lot. Students will get diversion with cell phones, they are spending a lot of time with cell phone chatting and browsing online through their smart phone and avoid their studying activity. Most of the students are turned as cell phone and online addicts which is a great disadvantage. there is nothing wrong in using cell phone, we must use it in a curb manner to avoid unwanted issues due to it. Statement of the problem Cell phones have recently get going an asset to society. Because of this, many of the negatives to cell phone ownership have been overlooked. Just a few of these problems are Increases the likelihood of traffic accidents Increases the risk of brain cancer Scope and Limitations The research that I will make do is only limited to students, particularly 4th year Springtime batch 2013-2014 II. Review of related Literatures This partitioning presents a summary of previous research materials.Information instal within this section is all found in the web and journals. Cell phones do more aggrieve than good According to http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mobile_phone A hold mobile radiotelephone is an old dream of radio engineering. Arthur C. Clarke in a 1959 essay, where he envisioned a personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one. He wrote the time will have a go at it when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth unless by dialing a number. Such a device would also, in Clarkes vision, include means for world-wide positioning so that no one need ever agai n be lost. Later, in Profiles of the Future, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first-class honours degree SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including charge in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people ply more than one cell phone for opposite purposes, such as for business and personal use. eight-fold SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plansa particular plan tycoon provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The most advantage of having mobile phone is you can communicate with your family, and friends no matter where you are. Cell phones also have applications for listening to music, playing games, and surfing the net. Besides that, there are lots of disadvantages. Using mobile phones can harm our brains, especially for those who are under the age of sixteen.Excessive use of mobile phones has been accused of causing dizziness, and radiations emitted from the phone are harmful for the eardrum, say many scientists. In addition, when we use mobile phones while drive it causes unwanted accidents. Negative effects of cell phones on our brain Radiation from mobile phones may cause brain tissue damage, a two-year study has found. Scientists discovered that emissions from handsets affect the delicate make-up of cells in blood vessels, and could be a health hazard to regular users of the UKs 50million mobile phones. The radiation might disable a safety barrier in the body which protects the brainfrom harmful substances in the blood, they believe. It is the first time scientists have used cells from hum an blood vessels rather than rats, bringing researchers closer to the truth about long-term mobile phone use. Despite the millions spent on research in the stick out decade, the health implications of sustained use are still unclear. The biggest British study, led by Sir William Stewart, found two age ago that there was no evidence of a risk to health. A study published last year by the the Statesn National Cancer Institute also could not find a link between increased risk of brain cancer and mobile use. III. look into MethodologyResearch Design Name Age Sex 1. How often do you use your cell phone ? 2. Do you know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain ? If yes. Do you believe that children below 10 years of age shouldnt use cell phones ? 3. Is it really necessary for a person to have a cell phone ? Explain. 4. Is cell phone a disadvantage or advantage to your life ? Explain. Data Gathering Procedure The researcher will randomly ask ten (10 ) represen tatives out of the 37 students in the 4th year. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher that will be used as a reference. The survey was conducted through the net.IV. Analysis and Interpretation of Data This chapter presents the findings, compend and interpretation of data gathered by the researcher whose main objective is to find out the different perspectives of people and to find out what kind of damage our cell phone will do to our brain and also to state some advantages of it. Through my research Ive found out that many scientist have and will conduct research about the radiation that we can get from cell phones. Mostly scientist from America conducts these kinds of researches. I also found out that the radiation of the cell phone emits is dangerous to all of us. specially those who are 16 years of age and below. I also found out that there is not enough proof that cell phones can really damage our brain. Someone said that it is early for us to conclude that cell phones are bad for our health. Because even scientists cant really find the refine answer to our questions. A scientist said that we dont know what will be the impact of the radiation of the cell phone emits will do to us if we still use it for the next 10 or even 20 years. He also said that that is the reason why we need to conduct more studies. According to my survey 9 out of 10 said that they always use their cell phones.9 out 10 said that they know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain. 10 out of 10 said that having cell phone is necessary because its time for us to upgrade and use the cell phone to communicate and because it is easier to do, it also takes less of our time if we use our cell phones as I have said in my introduction cell phones are wireless, we can use them anywhere. 5 out of 10 said that cell phones are advantages to their lives. Because it makes almost everything easy. 1 out of 10 said that it is a disadvantage because is makes us lazy. 4 out of 10 said that they patch advantage and disadvantage.